CBD (cannabidiol) influences the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is a network of receptors (CB1 and CB2) and signaling molecules involved in regulating mood, pain sensation, immune function, and more. Unlike THC, CBD does not directly strongly bind these receptors – instead, it modulates them and affects various neurotransmitter systems. For example, CBD increases levels of the body’s natural endocannabinoid (anandamide) by inhibiting its breakdown, indirectly activating ECS pathways that reduce pain and anxiety. CBD also interacts with serotonin receptors (particularly 5-HT1A), which contributes to its anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects (as seen in public speaking tests where CBD reduced anxiety). Its anti-seizure effect is thought to come from stabilizing neural circuits and possibly modulating calcium channels and receptors like GPR55. In terms of inflammation and pain: CB2 receptors in the immune system are influenced by CBD, leading to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is why conditions like arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and even acne (overproduction of sebum and inflammation in skin) have shown improvement with CBD. Additionally, CBD is a powerful antioxidant – it reduces oxidative stress in tissues, which is beneficial for neuroprotection (e.g., potentially slowing damage in conditions like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s). Full-spectrum CBD oil includes trace cannabinoids (like CBG, CBC, etc.) and terpenes from hemp, which work synergistically with CBD (the “entourage effect”). These compounds together enhance the efficacy of the product compared to CBD isolate. Overall, CBD oil brings the body into a state of balance (homeostasis) by gently nudging multiple physiological systems, leading to broad therapeutic effects without intoxication.